Gods & Goddesses

A–Z index

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A

Amun — Hidden One

Theban god whose cult rose to national prominence; syncretized with Ra as Amun‑Ra.

Amun‑Min — Lord of the High Plumes

Syncretism of Amun with Min emphasizing fertility and royal potency.

Amun‑Ra — King of the Gods

Supreme synthesis of Theban Amun and solar Ra; high theology of empire and renewal.

Anubis — Foremost of the Westerners

Jackal god of embalming and necropolis guardianship; overseer of the weighing of the heart.

Anuket — Embracer

Daughter in the Elephantine triad; connected with the cataracts and fertility of the Nile.

Apis — Sacred Bull

Living bull manifestation venerated at Memphis; associated with Ptah and Osiris in death (Osiris‑Apis).

Apophis (Apep) — Chaos Serpent

Serpent of chaos opposing Ra’s nightly passage; bound, pierced, and burned by rites and crew.

Arensnuphis — Good Companion

Nubian‑associated 'Good Companion' who accompanies Isis in Philae processions.

Atum — Self‑Created

Primeval creator of Heliopolis; father of Shu and Tefnut; head of the Ennead.

B

Bastet — She of the Ointment Jar

Protective feline goddess associated with healing perfumes and domestic joy; a tempered counterpart to Sekhmet.

Bat — Cow Goddess of Seshesh

Ancient cow goddess related to Hathor; her visage shapes the sistrum instrument.

Bes — Protector of the Home

Apotropaic household god who wards off evil and delights children; linked with music and festivity.

D

Duamutef — Jackal‑headed

Son of Horus who protects the stomach; guarded by Neith.

G

Earth god of the Ennead; consort of Nut and father of Osiris, Isis, Seth, and Nephthys.

H

Hapi — Nile Inundation

Personification of the Nile's life‑giving flood; unites Upper and Lower Egypt with lotus and papyrus.

Hapy (Son of Horus) — Baboon‑headed

Son of Horus who protects the lungs; guarded by Nephthys.

Haroeris — Horus the Elder

Form of Horus venerated especially at Edfu; paired with Sobek at Kom Ombo in Ptolemaic period.

Harpocrates — Horus the Child

Child form of Horus symbolizing renewal and protection; popular in late and Roman periods.

Hathor — Mistress of Jubilation

Goddess of joy, love, music, and one aspect of the Eye of Ra; also guardian of the necropolis as 'Lady of the West'.

Hathor of Dendera — Mistress of Dendera

Dendera form of Hathor, patron of joy, beauty, and the sistrum; Greco‑Roman temple preserves rich hymns and processions.

Hathor‑Sekhmet — The Eye Pacified

Fusion expressing the Eye of Ra’s duality—destructive heat as Sekhmet, pacified joy as Hathor.

Hermanubis — Hermes‑Anubis

Roman‑period fusion of Hermes (guide, eloquence) and Anubis (embalmer, guardian) as a psychopomp.

Heryshef (Herishef) — Ram of First Waters

Ram‑headed creator and ruler deity of Herakleopolis; later associated with Ra and Osiris.

Horus — Falcon of Kingship

Sky-falcon and patron of kingship; opponent of Seth and son of Isis and Osiris in Osirian myth.

Horus Behdety — Lord of Edfu

Horus of Edfu, defender of order; the winged sun (Behdety) crowns gateways as victory sign.

I

Imhotep — Great of Healing

Architect of Djoser deified in later periods as a healer and sage; equated with Asclepius in Greco‑Roman era.

Imsety — Son of Horus (Human‑headed)

One of the Four Sons of Horus; protects the liver and is guarded by Isis.

Isis — Great of Magic

Powerful goddess of protection, magic (heka), and kingship; mother of Horus and consort of Osiris.

Isis of Philae — Mistress of Magic

At Philae, Isis’ cult flourished into Roman times with rich inscriptions, oracles, and processions.

Isis‑Aphrodite — Universal Goddess

Greco‑Roman fusion presenting Isis with Aphrodite’s attributes in Mediterranean cults.

Isis‑Sothis — Star of the New Year

Isis identified with the star Sothis (Sirius), herald of the Nile flood and New Year.

K

Khentyimentiu — Foremost of the Westerners

Ancient Abydos necropolis god whose role later merges with Osiris.

Khentykhety — Foremost of Khem

Local falcon deity of Letopolis (Khem), later aligned with Horus forms.

Khepri — He Who Becomes

Aspect of the sun at dawn; symbolizes emergence and transformation.

Khnum — Fashioner on the Wheel

Ram‑headed creator who fashions bodies on the potter’s wheel; chief at Elephantine triad with Satis and Anuket.

Khnum‑Ra — Solar Potter

Syncretic creator as ram‑headed solar potter shaping beings and deities.

Khonsu — Traveler

Lunar god and son in the Theban triad; associated with healing oracles.

Khonsu Neferhotep — Beautiful of Offerings

Beneficent aspect of Khonsu attested in Theban inscriptions and oracular healing rites.

M

Ma'at — Truth and Order

Goddess who personifies and guarantees Ma'at—the truth-order that sustains gods, king, and people.

Maahes — Lion Prince

Lion‑headed warrior and protector; linked as son to Bastet or Sekhmet in various traditions.

Mafdet — Runner

Early protective feline who slays serpents and embodies swift justice.

Mandulis — Lord of Nubia

Nubian solar‑associated god at Kalabsha; appears at Philae in Greco‑Roman period.

Mehen — Coiled Protector

Protective serpent who coils around Ra at night, shielding the barque in the Duat.

Meretseger — She Who Loves Silence

Protectress of the Theban necropolis and artisans of Deir el‑Medina; punishes and heals transgressors.

Mnevis — Bull of Heliopolis

Sacred bull of Heliopolis associated with the sun god; distinct from Apis.

Consort of Amun in Thebes; mother goddess and member of the Theban triad with Amun and Khonsu.

Mut‑Sekhmet‑Bastet — Triune Eye

Composite invocation of the Eye of Ra’s leonine protectors in Theban liturgy.

N

Neith — First One

Primordial goddess of Sais; patron of weaving and war; sometimes a creator deity.

Nekhbet — Vulture of Nekheb

Vulture goddess of Upper Egypt; paired with Wadjet as the Two Ladies, protectors of kingship.

Nephthys — Lady of the House

Sister of Isis and Osiris; assists Isis in mourning and protection; mother of Anubis in some traditions.

Sky goddess who swallows the sun at dusk and births it at dawn; mother of Osiris, Isis, Seth, Nephthys.

O

Osiris — Lord of the West

God of death and regeneration; ruler of the underworld (Duat) and exemplar of just kingship.

P

Pakhet — She Who Scratches

Lioness huntress of Middle Egypt; guardian in rugged terrain; related to Bastet/Sekhmet spectrum.

Ptah — Fashioner of the World

Creator god of Memphis tied to craftsmanship and creation through heart and tongue (mind and speech).

Q

Qebehsenuef — Falcon‑headed

Son of Horus who protects the intestines; guarded by Selket (Serqet).

Qetesh — Lady of the Gods

Levantine pleasure goddess adopted in New Kingdom Egypt; appears with Resheph and Min.

R

Ra — Solar Creator

Prime solar deity associated with creation and the daily solar cycle; often merged with Amun as Amun-Ra.

Ra‑Horakhty — Ra as Horus of the Horizons

Solar synthesis expressing Ra as Horus of the Two Horizons—sun’s passage and royal order.

Renenutet — Lady of the Granary

Cobra goddess of harvest and nourishment; venerated in the Fayum and linked to grain stores.

Resheph — Lord of the Bow

Levantine war/plague god integrated in New Kingdom; invoked for martial protection.

S

Personification of Orion; aligns the king’s destiny with imperishable stars.

Satis — She Who Pours

Elephantine goddess associated with the Nile flood; consort of Khnum and mother of Anuket.

Sekhmet — The Powerful One

Lioness goddess, a fierce Eye of Ra who subdues chaos; paired with healing and apotropaic rites.

Serapis — Osirian‑Apian Lord

Greco‑Egyptian god formed from Osiris‑Apis with Hellenic features; healing and afterlife benefactor.

Seth — Lord of the Desert

Ambivalent god of desert and storms; slayer of Osiris and rival of Horus; also protector of Ra against Apophis in some texts.

God of air and space; separates Geb (earth) and Nut (sky).

Sobek — Crocodile Lord

Crocodile god of strength and fertility; major cults at the Fayum and Kom Ombo.

Sokar — Lord of Rostau

Memphite funerary god who later unites with Ptah and Osiris; guardian of tomb realms.

Sopdet (Sothis) — Bringer of the Inundation

Personification of Sirius; heliacal rising heralded the Nile flood and New Year.

Sopedu — Lord of the East

Frontier god of the eastern Delta and Sinai routes; protects boundaries and travelers.

T

Tatenen — Risen Land

Primeval mound deity at Memphis linked to earth’s emergence and Ptah’s creative speech.

Taweret — Great One

Apotropaic goddess protecting mothers and children; common on household objects.

Tefnut — Moisture

Lioness goddess of moisture and twin of Shu; mother of Geb and Nut.

Thoth — Lord of Writing

God of writing, reckoning, and lunar cycles; divine scribe who records the results of judgment.

W

Wadjet — Uraeus of Buto

Cobra goddess of Lower Egypt; with Nekhbet forms the Two Ladies, protectors of the king.

Wepwawet — Opener of the Ways

Jackal god leading processions and opening paths; early cult at Asyut and Abydos.